Dein Link trifft auf die USB2.0 Spezifikation vom Jahr 2000 zu und wurde per ECN (USB Engineering Change Notice) relativiert/upgedated:
www.usb.org
Change section 7.1.1 USB Driver Characteristic, 6th paragraph as follows:
A USB transceiver is required to withstand a continuous short circuit of D+ and/or D- to
VBUS,
GND, other data line, or the cable shield at the connector, for a minimum of 24 hours without
degradation. It is recommended that transceivers be designed so as to withstand such short
circuits indefinitely. The device must not be damaged under this short circuit condition when
transmitting 50% of the time and receiving 50% of the time (in all supported speeds). The
transmit phase consists of a symmetrical signal that toggles between drive high and drive low.
This requirement must be met for max value of VBUS (5.25 V). A USB transceiver is
recommended, but not required, to withstand a continuous short of D+ and/or D- to VBUS for a
minimum of 24 hours without degradation.
It is recommended that these AC and short circuit stresses be used as qualification criteria
against which the long-term reliability of each device is evaluated.
In der Regel geht der PC einfach aus (Netzteilschutzschaltung) und funktioniert danach wieder normal. Allerdings kann eben auch was dabei kaputtgehen oder nicht mehr so funktionieren wie zuvor oder lebt nicht mehr so lange.